Brazilian Animal Law Journal

ADI DA VAQUEJADA E O EFEITO BACKLASH NO RECONHECIMENTO LEGISLATIVO DOS ANIMAIS COMO SUJEITO DE DIREITO

2025-03-31T18:50:55+00:00

A Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4983 reconheceu novo padrão ético-moral de tratamento não cruel aos animais, seres reconhecidamente sencientes. Com base no inciso VII do § 1º do artigo 225 da Constituição, que veda a prática de atos cruéis aos animais, o STF declarou inconstitucional a Lei nº 15.299/2018 do Estado do Ceará, que regulamentava a vaquejada como prática desportiva e cultural. O STF entendeu que apesar de ser considerada manifestação cultural, não mais estaria em consonância com esse novo padrão ético-moral. Tal decisão, contudo, ensejou uma reação popular e do Poder Legislativo. O Congresso Nacional aprovou a Lei nº 13.364, de 2016, e a Emenda Constitucional nº 96, de 2017, em sentido diametralmente oposto. Ocorreu o efeito backlash. Neste debate, este artigo pretende identificar se também houve o efeito backlash na tramitação do Projeto de Lei nº 6054/2019, que busca reconhecer os animais como sujeitos de direito. Por meio de pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, conjugando métodos de revisão bibliográfica, jurisprudencial, aliada a levantamento de dados do processo legislativo, a pesquisa concluiu que se materializou o efeito backlash da ADI da vaquejada nos debates do Projeto de Lei nº 6054/2019, com atraso e menor reconhecimento de direito aos animais.

THE SUBJUGATION OF ANIMALS IN SOCIAL RELATIONS AND TECHNICAL RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION IN CAPITALIST MODE

2025-06-21T00:55:27+00:00

The main objective of this work is to explain how cruelty against production animals converges in capitalist accumulation. Based on bibliographical research, the article reflects on the prevalence of anthropocentrism in social relations of production and on the specist subjugation in technical relations of production. It is possible to infer that cruelty against animals results from the large-scale production made possible by technology in the expansion of means of production and the demand exacerbated by raw material (which are the beaten animals) transformed into commodity in the capitalist production process. The higher the demand for raw material, the greater the density of live animals in transit, confined, mutilated, with bruises, injuries, broken bones, suffering and slaughtered. Thus, cruelty to animals is part of the process of accumulation of capital.

JUSPHILOSOPHY AND ANIMAL RIGHTS

2025-05-07T03:44:56+00:00

This article explores the relationship between Jusphilosophy and animal rights in Brazil, analyzing how philosophical approaches to Environmental Law contribute to animal protection and discussing the challenges faced in this field. The text addresses the theories and philosophical currents, both in the historical and contemporary context, that support the protection of animals, the evolution of animal rights in the Brazilian legal scenario, through legislation and judicial decisions, and the ethical and practical tensions that involve the recognition of animals as subjects of law. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the concept of Jusphilosophy and animal rights, from the first philosophical ideas in Ancient Greece to modern conceptions. Furthermore, we seek to discuss the relevance of this concept in Environmental Law, understanding how it can strengthen the legal and ethical understanding necessary for the protection of animals in Brazil. To carry out this study, a qualitative approach of a bibliographic nature was adopted, with research in periodicals, articles, monographs, books and legislation on the topic. The final considerations present a summary of the main points discussed throughout the work, as well as suggestions and analyzes on the topic.

THE PROPOSED REFORM OF THE CIVIL CODE: ANIMAL RIGHTS IN EVIDENCE

2025-05-07T03:44:22+00:00

This is research related to animal rights and its relationship with the proposed reform of the Civil Code. Its purpose is to observe the current stage of this right and the evidence of this right in the proposed reform of the Civil Code. To this end, some fundamental topics are analyzed. The first chapter is the delimitation of who are the subjects of law in the civil order and whether, obviously, animals are allocated or can be in that position. In a second moment, the current legislative stage of civil law regarding these rights is assessed, analyzing the international scenario and comparing it with the proposed reform of the aforementioned Code. Finally, the main cases that give rise to animal rights in Brazilian jurisprudence are studied, observing their legal treatment by judges and their conceptions regarding animal law. Thus, the reader is expected to have a complete approach between doctrine, law and jurisprudence on the topic discussed.

TRÁFICO DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES E A INEFICÁCIA DA LEI N. 9.605/98: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA SENCIÊNCIA E DO DIREITO ANIMAL.

2025-06-14T21:15:39+00:00

O artigo investiga a ineficiência da Lei n. 9.605/98 diante do tráfico de animais
silvestres no Brasil, terceira prática ilegal criminosa mais lucrativa, após o tráfico de drogas e
armas. O Brasil abriga uma das maiores biodiversidades do mundo, contudo, o tráfico de sua
fauna continua crescendo, comprometendo o ecossistema e ameaçando a conservação das
espécies. O problema central reside na inadequação das penas previstas pela legislação
vigente, incapazes de refletir a gravidade desse crime e coibir efetivamente essa atividade
ilegal. Como metodologia, adota-se uma análise crítico-reflexiva baseada em pesquisa
bibliográfica e documental, confrontando as limitações da legislação ambiental brasileira com
teorias contemporâneas do direito animal. O artigo explora, em perspectiva teórica, a
interseção entre o direito ambiental e o direito animal, defendendo a necessidade de um
enfoque biocêntrico que reconheça os animais como seres sencientes, titulares de direitos e
dignidade própria. Conclui-se pela urgência de uma revisão legislativa que inclua a criação de
uma tipificação penal específica e adequada para o tráfico de animais silvestres, fortalecendo
as medidas protetivas e contribuindo para a efetiva preservação da biodiversidade brasileira.

The Unveiling of Maya's Veil

2025-06-14T21:07:59+00:00

The theme of this research is the analysis of the philosophical origin of Animal Law. Noting that this legal area exists and has autonomy, the problem that emerges turns to understanding the reasons that led to its creation. For this study, a hypothetical-deductive method was used, testing the hypotheses set out above to reach a validly possible conclusion. Furthermore, this research sought to analyze Animal Law standards as species that are part of the category of fundamental rights. At the same time, in the philosophical scope, the investigation into the origin of this legal branch is based on the production of Arthur Schopenhauer, especially with regard to the distinction between will and representation, the concept of the Veil of Maya and the analysis of the principle of individuation. Finally, the centrality of the dignity that exists in non-human animals may indicate that Animal Law is the work of some degree of human awareness regarding the complexity of the most diverse forms of life.

. ANIMAL RIGHTS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

2025-06-06T14:08:05+00:00

The article analyzes the state’s role in the protection of dogs and cats, focusing on public policies implemented in Florianópolis, SC. In the capital of Santa Catarina, policies such as sterilization programs, adoption campaigns, and educational measures have been fundamental in reducing abandonment and mistreatment of animals. The results indicate that the city has excelled in promoting animal welfare but faces challenges related to the practical application of regulations, public awareness, and resource scarcity. The research utilized a bibliographic review methodology, examining legislation, jurisprudence, and municipal actions, particularly those developed by the Animal Welfare Directorate (DIBEA). It concludes that strengthening enforcement structures and expanding public policies are crucial for consolidating animal rights, positioning Florianópolis as a reference for other municipalities.

DA ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL À PROTEÇÃO DA FAUNA SILVESTRE: A NECESSIDADE DE MINIMIZAR OS IMPACTOS DOS PARQUES EÓLICOS SOBRE OS MORCEGOS

2025-06-14T21:13:24+00:00

Currently, more than eight billion people share the Earth's space, and this population growth generates an increasing demand for energy production, which must occur in a clean and renewable way to ensure a sustainable future. Wind farms play an important role in the energy transition, but they still require research and improvements, especially regarding wildlife. For this reason, this article demonstrates the impact of wind farms on bat populations, focusing on the effectiveness and the need to implement a national protective legislative framework. To that end, the study analyzes the foundations of wind energy and its effects on bats, then discusses possible technical solutions and the urgency of a legal framework aimed at protecting these animals. The research adopts the inductive method, using the technique of bibliographic analysis with a refined search for specific scientific categories. We conclude that it is possible to minimize the damage wind farms cause to bats, making it entirely feasible to reconcile the production of this energy source with the preservation of animal life, provided that a cohesive environmental licensing process is adopted, grounded in technical legislation aimed at fauna protection.

INTERSPECIES JUSTICE IN THE COSMOS: THE NEED FOR LEGAL PROTECTION OF NON-HUMAN ANIMALS IN SPACE EXPLORATION

2025-10-08T18:22:03+00:00

This article examines the use of animals in space missions in light of International Space Law and contemporary ethical reflections. Since the early experiments of the space race, animals have been subjected to tests in extraterrestrial environments without adequate legal support, revealing a regulatory gap and an anthropocentric bias within existing legal structures. This bibliographic research shows that the main international treaties, such as the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, do not include provisions for the protection of these sentient beings. Given the advancement of aerospace technologies, the prospect of colonizing the Moon and Mars, and the growing prominence of private companies in the sector, there is an urgent need to reconsider the current legal framework for outer space. The article advocates for the creation of an interspecies legal regime, grounded in principles such as precaution, intergenerational responsibility, and the recognition of animal sentience. It concludes that scientific and technological progress must be aligned with ecological and interspecies justice, ushering in a new era of ethical responsibility in the exploration of the cosmos.

CASO SPEDIDAM: O OLHAR DA JURISDIÇÃO EUROPEIA ACERCA DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS

2025-02-01T10:41:23+00:00

Este artigo objetiva analisar o caso Spedidam envolvendo a Corte de cassação e segunda instância Francesa e a legislação europeia no que tange ao seu documento instrumental, o Tratado de funcionamento, mediante uma metodologia crítica de estudo de caso, bem como reflexiva, analítica e comparativa eminentemente através de revisão bibliográfica. Perpassa, pois, pelos fatos, argumentos e mérito dos órgãos envolvidos, com foco na decisão, traçando breve notas introdutórias acerca dos direitos autorais comparativamente em diferentes jurisdições e com o aporte de diferentes casos europeus estudados e Investigados `a retaguarda deste artigo de pesquisa.

EXPORTATION OF LIVE CATTLE FROM BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE AGENCY AND ANIMAL RESISTANCE

2024-12-25T17:56:25+00:00

There has been a growing body of research on the agency and resistance of other animals to their exploiters and to speciesism, especially by authors in Critical Animal Studies and Multispecies Studies. Decades of scientific work have demonstrated the complexities of animals’ cognitions, emotions, and sociability, which has resulted in the recognition that they possess and exercise agency. Jason Hribal (2007) proposes a methodological perspective from below, which recognizes animals as historical agents who have negotiated the limits of their exploitation, created social change, and allied themselves with human groups against other forms of exploitation. From this perspective, this work analyzes the maritime export trade of live cattle from Brazil, understanding the live cattle subjects as agents who resist this practice, unlike the Western tradition, even animalist ones, which portray animals as passive beings, moral patients. As a case study, we analyzed the documentary “Elias, the Ox Who Learned to Swim,” produced by the NGO Mercy for Animals, which tells the story of the ox that escaped from the ship that was exporting it and swam to shore for more than 5 hours. The documentary denounces the cruel and unhealthy conditions in which animals are transported. We propose that animal exploitation and oppression be read in terms of Animal Agency and Resistance.

GENDER AND WORK: INCLUSIVE PUBLIC POLICIES FOR WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2025-06-14T21:18:49+00:00

This article analyzes the intersection between gender, work, and the environment by focusing on inclusive public policies aimed at women impacted by extreme climate events in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Climate change tends to exacerbate social inequalities, hindering access to decent work opportunities, with a particular impact on women in vulnerable situations. The study explores the challenges and possibilities associated with implementing these policies by identifying barriers and proposing strategies aligned with the United Nations' 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5, 8, and 10. The research is structured into three axes: challenges and opportunities for women's inclusion in the labor market; the double vulnerability of women in the face of the climate crisis and labor inequality; and labor public policies and climate justice, analyzing strategies for gender equality and workforce inclusion. To achieve this, the exploratory research adopts a qualitative approach, supported by the hypothetical-deductive method and documentary and bibliographic analysis. The investigation seeks to answer the following question: what are the limits and possibilities for implementing public policies that promote women's labor inclusion in the face of extreme climate events in Rio Grande do Sul? The results include identifying gaps in current policies for their improvement, thereby contributing to strengthening government initiatives that consider the specific needs of vulnerable women and advancing gender equity in the labor market.

A PROIBIÇÃO DO RETROCESSO AMBIENTAL COMO GARANTIA DOS INTERESSES DAS FUTURAS GERAÇÕES

2025-06-22T17:33:51+00:00

This research aims to examine the principle of prohibition of retrogression in environmental matters, especially as a guarantee of the interests of future generations. In this context, it uses a methodology of bibliographic source, compelling the understanding of renowned authors on the subject, in addition to the deductive approach method, evidencing the relevance of the principle of prohibition of environmental setbacks not only for today, but also for tomorrow (present and future generations), culminating with a reflective analysis on its applicability, with an exposition of the currents of interpretation of the principle extensive and restrictive, as well as the innovative study by the Portuguese professor Alexandra Aragão, who invokes the reversible or irreversible effects – little serious or serious – "state of necessity" to delimit the environmental setback. Thus, it amounts an initial approach to the advent of the Environmental Rule of Law, whose scope is environmental protection and the promotion of quality of life for all – new tasks assumed by the State, of extreme relevance, especially in times of environmental crisis. Throughout the research, it examines that this principle limits the action and unfavorable human impacts on the environment and its natural resources, not admitting unjustifiable setbacks, fulfilling a fundamental role before the Public Power, notably in the legislative and administrative spheres. Finally, it is concluded that the principle of prohibition of environmental setbacks corroborates the preservation of ecological integrity, sustainable development and intergenerational justice.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AS A BASIS FOR PROTECTING ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE

2025-08-30T13:47:39+00:00

This article analyzes the challenge posed to international law in the 21st century of protecting environmentally displaced persons. This was due to the climate emergency and accelerated climate change in 2023, which resulted in 46.9 million people being forcibly displaced within their countries. 26.4 million were displaced by extreme weather or earthquakes, one of the leading causes of displacement (Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC). Given the problem, the research demonstrated that environmentally displaced persons can be protected by international human rights law and highlighted the relevance of environmental sustainability as an adequate normative basis for implementing protection through various means. The methodology involved bibliographical research and qualitative analysis.

Principles of Pachamama, Sumak Kawsay, and Suma Qamaña in the Constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia

2025-10-02T21:30:23+00:00

Este artigo analisa os fundamentos filosóficos, jurídicos e políticos que sustentam a transição do paradigma antropocêntrico de dominação para a institucionalização dos Direitos da Natureza. A partir da constatação de que o modelo capitalista moderno gerou uma crise socioambiental profunda, o estudo evidencia a insuficiência do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, cuja ética utilitarista revela-se paliativa. Em contraposição, emerge na América Latina uma ruptura epistemológica fundamentada na cosmovisão indígena da Pachamama (Mãe Terra), referendada pelo Novo Constitucionalismo. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com abordagem histórico-evolutiva, baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Foram examinados textos constitucionais, doutrina crítica, epistemologias decoloniais, jurisprudência e fontes oficiais, com destaque para as Constituições do Equador (2008) e da Bolívia (2009). Os resultados indicam que o reconhecimento da Natureza como sujeito de direitos representa não uma extensão do Direito Ambiental, mas uma inflexão paradigmática que desafia os alicerces coloniais da dogmática jurídica. A positivação dos princípios de Pachamama e Sumak Kawsay, em língua quéchua, Suma Qamaña, em língua aymara pelas constituições do Equador e Bolívia, inaugura um novo modelo jurídico pluralista, ecocêntrico e intercultural, que propõe a restauração da relação entre humanidade e Natureza, com implicações políticas, epistêmicas e civilizatórias.

CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DO EQUADOR - RECURSO N.° 012-18-SIS-CC

2025-04-23T22:31:45+00:00

Em 23 de março de 2012, os Srs. Richard Fredrick Wheeler e Eleanor Geer Huddle, por meio de seu advogado, Dr. Carlos Eduardo Bravo González, apresentaram uma ação por descumprimento de sentenças e pareceres constitucionais, ação em relação à sentença proferida em 30 de março de 2011 pela Câmara Criminal do Tribunal Provincial de Justiça de Loja, no âmbito da ação de proteção nº 010-2011.

A Secretaria Geral do Tribunal Constitucional, para o período de transição, em 28 de maio de 2012, certificou que não foi apresentada outra petição com o mesmo objeto e ação.

Consoante o sorteio realizado em sessão extraordinária do Plenário do Tribunal Constitucional, para o período de transição, em 07 de junho de 2012, o caso foi atribuído ao Dr. Manuel Viteri Olvera, Juiz Constitucional.

Conforme os artigos 25 a 27 do Regime Transitório da Constituição da República, em 6 de novembro de 2012, os juízes do primeiro Tribunal Constitucional foram empossados.

O Plenário do Órgão em uma sessão extraordinária procedeu a um novo sorteio dos casos, que ocorreu em 03 de novembro de 2012; em virtude do que foi a vez da Juíza Constitucional, Wendy Molina Andrade, o julgamento da ação por descumprimento de sentenças e pareceres constitucionais N.° 0032-12-IS.

A juíza constitucional instrutora assumiu o conhecimento do caso por meio de providência proferida em 19 de fevereiro de 2018.