Association between bruxism and structural compromise of restored teeth

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism is a multifactorial parafunctional activity that compromises the integrity of dental tissues and restorations, especially in posterior teeth. Objective: to evaluate and compare the occurrence of cracks and fractures in dental enamel and amalgam or composite resin restorations between adults with and without bruxism. Methodology: this is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study involving 38 patients recruited from two private dental clinics in Salvador, Bahia. Participants were assessed using a structured questionnaire and intraoral clinical examination. Statistical analysis included stratification by bruxism intensity and an examination of the association between clinical signs and the presence of the disorder. Results: of the 38 participants, 63.2% presented self-reported bruxism, with 55.3% classified as frequent cases. Cracks or failures in composite resin restorations were observed in 42.9% of patients with frequent bruxism, compared to 14.3% in those without bruxism. Failures in amalgam restorations occurred in 38.1% of patients with frequent bruxism and 42.9% of those without bruxism. Discussion: despite the tendency for greater structural impairment in individuals with bruxism, no statistically significant associations were found. The findings suggest a possible dose-response effect between bruxism frequency and restorative damage, particularly in composite resins. Conclusion: although statistical significance was not achieved, the data reinforce the importance of early diagnosis and the adoption of preventive strategies in patients with bruxism, aiming to preserve the longevity of restorations and overall oral health.