DO ESGOTAMENTO REVOLUCIONÁRIO À LIBERALIZAÇÃO: o movimento sindical face às privatizações em Moçambique na década de 1990 - Bessa Ribeiro, Fernando (Caderno CRH, 2015)
O artigo tem como objetivo a análise da posição do movimento sindical moçambicano face às privatizações ocorridas nesse país da África austral na década de 1990. Desenvolvendo um argumento fortemente escorado na história, a compreensão da incapacidade do movimento sindical em se opor de forma eficaz a esse processo tem de considerar o seu trajeto em Moçambique desde as suas origens, pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, e o do país, nomeadamente pós-independência, marcado pela guerra civil e a derrota do projeto revolucionário. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas em profundidade a dirigentes sindicais e responsáveis políticos e consulta de fontes documentais em arquivos moçambicanos. Como principal conclusão, indica-se que o fracasso do movimento sindical, na sua luta contra as privatizações, deveu-se à articulação de diversas causas, com destaque para as que se relacionam com sua escassa autonomia em relação à Frelimo, o “partido-Estado”. Palavras-chave: Movimento Sindical. Privatizações. Estado. Política. Liberalização. FROM REVOLUTIONARY EXHAUSTION TO LIBERALIZATION: the trade union movement in the face of privatizations in Mozambique in the 1990s Fernando Bessa Ribeiro The purpose of the article is to analyze the position of the trade union movement in Mozambique in the face of privatizations in that southern African country in the 1990s. Developing an argument strongly supported by history, an understanding of the inability of the trade union movement to oppose this process effectively must consider its trajectory in Mozambique since its origins, post-Second World War, and the trajectory of the country, particularly post-independence, characterized by civil war and the defeat of the revolutionary project. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with trade union leaders and political leaders and consultation of documentary sources files from Mozambique. As its main conclusion, this study indicates that the failure of the trade union movement, in its fight against privatizations, was due to the articulation of various causes, especially those related to its lack of autonomy in relation to the Frelimo, the “party-State”. Keywords: Trade union movement. Privatizations. State. Politics. Liberalization. DE L’ÉPUISEMENT RÉVOLUTIONNAIRE À LA LIBÉRALISATION: le mouvement syndical et les privatisations au Mozambique dans les années 1990 Fernando Bessa Ribeiro L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la position du mouvement syndical mozambicain face aux privatisations qui ont eu lieu dans ce pays d’Afrique australe dans les années 1990. On approfondit un argument fortement soutenu dans l’histoire, celui de comprendre combien le mouvement syndical a été incapable de s’opposer de manière efficace à ce processus. Pour ce faire, il faut tenir compte de son parcours au Mozambique depuis ses origines, après la deuxième guerre mondiale, et de celui du pays, en particulier après l’indépendance, marqué par la guerre civile et la défaite du projet révolutionnaire. Les données proviennent d’interviews approfondies auprès de dirigeants syndicaux et de responsables politiques ainsi que d’un relevé de documents d’archives mozambicaines. La principale conclusion à laquelle nous arrivons est que l’échec du mouvement syndical, dans sa lutte contre la privatisation, est dû à la conjonction de causes diverses, notamment de celles liées à son manque d’autonomie par rapport au Frelimo, “le parti de l’Etat”. Mots-clés: Mouvement Syndical. Privatisations. État. Politique. Libéralisation. <small style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; background-color: #ffffff;">Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh<span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; float: none; display: inline ! important; background-color: #ffffff;"> <br style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <small style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; background-color: #ffffff;">Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br<span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; float: none; display: inline ! important; background-color: #ffffff;">