O VALOR DOS POBRES: a aposta no dinheiro como mediação para o conflito social contemporâneo - de Santis Feltran, Gabriel (Caderno CRH, 2015)
No Brasil, as periferias são o centro de duas figurações recentes e dicotômicas: a da violência urbana que pede mais repressão e a do desenvolvimento social, que transformaria pobres em “Classe C”. Este ensaio argumenta que a representação da “violência urbana” retirou o centro da “questão social” contemporânea dos “trabalhadores”, deslocando-o aos “marginais”. A derrocada do universalismo inscrito nesse deslocamento enseja um governo seletivo que recorta a população em distintos graus de “vulnerabilidade” e níveis de “complexidade” da intervenção estatal; como efeito colateral, emergem distintos regimes normativos nas periferias – por exemplo: estatal, do “crime” e religioso – que embora estejam sempre em tensão, encontram coesão no fato de regularem mercados monetarizados. O dinheiro passa a mediar a relação entre os grupos recortados e suas formas de vida que, sob outras perspectivas – a lei ou a moral – estariam em alteridade radical; o consumo emerge como forma de vida comum e a expansão mercantil, aposta de todos, conecta mercados legais e ilegais, inclusive fomentando a violência urbana que pretensamente controlaria. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Periferias. Violência. Desenvolvimento. Dinheiro. Valor. THE VALUE OF THE POOR: the gamble that cash money can mediate contemporary social conflict Gabriel de Santis Feltran In contemporary Brazil, the urban periphery have two recent and dichotomous figurations: the cause of “urban violence” that calls for more repression and the core of the “development” which can turn poor people into “middle class”. This essay argues that the representation of “urban violence” displaced the center of contemporary “social question” from “the worker” to the “marginal people”. The collapse of universalism involved in this shift entails a selective government that categorizes the population in varying degrees of “vulnerability” and levels of “complexity” of state intervention; as a side effect, different regulatory regimes emerge on urban peripheries - e.g., state, “crime” and the religious - that although always in tension, have cognitive cohesion based in monetized markets. The money seems to mediate the relationship between forms of life which, from other perspectives - legal or moral - would be in radical alterity; consumption emerges as a form of common life and mercantile expansion, above all, connects legal and illegal markets, including fostering urban violence that development allegedly would control. KEY WORDS: Urban outskirts. Violence. Development. Money. Value LA VALEUR DES PAUVRES – Parier que l’argent peut servir de médiation pour le conflit social contemporain Gabriel de Santis Feltran Au Brésil, les banlieues sont au centre de deux types de représentations récentes et dichotomiques: la de la “violence urbaine” qu’appelle à davantage de répression, tandis qu’une basée à l’idée de nouvelles “classes moyennes”. Cet article soutient que la representation de la violence urbaine a conduit à un déplacement du foyer de la “question sociale” contemporaine de l’ancienne figure du “travailleur” vers celle du “marginal”. L’effondrement de l’universalisme inscrit dans ce changement s’accompagne d’un mode de gouvernement découpant la population de manière sélective en fonction de divers coefficients de “vulnérabilité”. Corollaires de ces évolutions, de nouveaux régimes normatifs émergent dans les “periferias”, par exemple le “monde du crime”, le pentecôtisme et l’autorité étatique. Si le développement de ces différents régimes conccurents nourrit un certain nombre de tensions, il apporte cependant une source de cohésion spécifique basée sur le fait que chacun de ces regimes régule des marchés monétaires. Ll’argent apparaît comme médiateur des formes de vie qui, envisagés sous d’autres points de vue - ceux de la loi ou de la morale -, seraient définis sous le registre de l’altérité radicale. La consommation apparaît ainsi comme une forme de vie commune et l’expansion mercantile connecte marchés légaux et illégaux et contribue à nourrir la violence urbaine qu’elle est pourtant réputée contrôler. MOTS-CLÉS: Banlieues. Violence. Développement. Argent. Valeur. <small style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline ! important; background-color: #ffffff;"> <br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <small style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline ! important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff;">