Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

Initial growth and chemical composition of pornuncia plant fertilized with phosphorus and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Jorge Messias Leal do Nascimento — 2016-10-28

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphate fertilization and mycorrhizal inoculation on the initial growth, chemical composition and mycorrhizal symbiosis in Pornuncia (Manihot sp. - Euphorbiaceae) plant. An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three concentration of simple superphosphate (P1 – 5.14mg/dm³, P2 – 49.3mg/dm³e P3 – 98.6mg/dm³) and three inoculation treatments (not inoculated - NI, inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum – CE or GA – Gigaspora albida), in three replications, during 90 days. It was verified that inoculation with CE promoted increase in leaf area and crude protein concentration in Pornuncia plants, while the GA isolate provided higher mycorrhizal colonization and glomerospores number. On the other hand, the addition of superphosphate reduces the mycorrhizal colonization in Pornuncia plants. Although the phosphate fertilization does not affect the growth of Pornuncia plants, the P2 concentration promoted an increase of 15,0% of neutral detergent fiber content. Inoculation with Claroideoglomus etunicatum in Pornuncia plants increases leaf area and crude protein content in the aerial part, and may contribute to the development and improvement of the chemical composition of this forage plant.

Chemical components and degradability in situ of Marandu grass silages with increasing levels of babassu meal

Clésio dos Santos Costa — 2016-10-28

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of Marandu grass silages with bran babassu. It adopted a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of babassu meal inclusion based on natural matter) with five repetitions. PVC silos were used, adopting compression pressure of 550 kg / m³. For the degradability test was used a half-breed sheep fistulated in the rumen, with completely randomized design with a split plot arrangement, silages represent parcels and incubation times (6, 24, 96 and 120 hours) the subplots. The pH increases by including babassu meal, there was a linear effect (P < 0.05) on dry matter content due to the addition of the byproduct. Quadratic effect on the crude protein content, with the maximum value obtained with the inclusion of 17.16% bran. Fiber neutral detergent, acid detergent fiber and pulp decreased with increasing addition of bran. The lignin and hemicellulose were not affected by the use of the additive. The dry matter disappearance increased with the incubation time. The soluble fraction and the maximum potential degradation were observed in silages with addition of 20%. The babassu meal behaved like great absorbing moisture, increased protein and reduced fiber consequently raised the potential for degradation of silages.

Sheep performance alternative agroforestry system in the Cerrado ecotone: Amazon

Perlon Maia Santos — 2016-10-28

Agroforestry systems can be alternative to the reintroduction of areas into disuse, secondary forest, for sheep production. This study evaluated the performance of sheep integrated grass Mombasa and secondary forest of babassu, comparing it with the conventional system of production in full sun. In these two systems were evaluated the climatic conditions and the agronomic and qualitative characteristics of the grass. In animals were evaluated weight gain, consumption, feed conversion, displacement processes and animal productivity. It was observed that ovine silvipastoral in this type of system is possible, but there is a reduction of the animal performance over the traditional operating system. The environment in the integrated system is hot and humid, and the forage density is low, causing the animals to spend more energy to look for food. The accumulation of forage and tillering in the integrated system area reduced and there is reduced carrying capacity and productivity. Despite the reduction in productivity in the integrated system, its operation allows the production of approximately half of what is produced in the conventional system.

Productivity and forage quality of buckwheat (“Fagopyrum esculentum” Moench) and pearl millet (“Pennisetum glaucum” (L.) R.BR)

Angela Valentini Gorgen — 2016-10-28

This trial compared forage production and quality of Pearl Millet and Buckwheat in three cutting age on irrigation conditions during dry season, evaluated in a randomized block split plot design with tree replications. Was determined content of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Mineral Matter (MM) and in vitro gas production. Forage production of Buckwheat was higher than Pearl Millet in all the cutting ages. Pearl Millet CP content was similar to all three cuts but Buckwheat CP content was higher in the first cut and reduced in the others. The NDF content of Buckwheat was higher in the first cut and reduced in the others, meanwhile Pearl Millet presented low NDF value in the first cut but increased in the second and third cut. The Buckwheat presented high ADF content than Pearl Millet in all the cuts. In vitro gas production from Pearl Millet was higher in the first cut but more high for Buckwheat in the second and third cuts. Buckwheat produced more forage with high quality than Pearl Millet during dry season.

Conservation of the rice bran for silage with different levels of hydration and addition of cornmeal

Jiovani Sergio Bee Tubin — 2016-10-28

A study was carried out to evaluate the addition of cornmeal (FMI) at different hydration degrees to rice bran, as a strategy for its conservation by silage (FAR). Five relations of FAR and FMI were used: 10:0; 9:1; 8:2; 7:3 and 6:4, combined with five hydration levels: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% over initial weight, performing a 5x5 factorial design with four replications. In parallel, were prepared four similar silos only with FAR, without hydration (control silos). After 120 days of storage, the pH, titratable acidity, acidity index, fungi index, and water activity (Aw) were evaluated. The temperature (regarding to verify the aerobic stability) and the pH were determined at 24, 48 and 120 hour after opening. Interactions were observed for pH at opening time, titratable acidity, acid index and fungi index. No interactions were observed with Aw. The inclusion of 40% of cornmeal and 42.3% water improved the silage pH at opening and 43,6% improve the silage pH at 24 hours after opening. However, after 48 h of opening, all silages were inappropriate for consumption, the addition of cornmeal accelerated the deterioration of silage. Only on the control silos, the peroxidation process was observed. Then, the use of silage method for preserving the quality of rice bran was promising as a tool to reduce peroxidation independent of hydration level. We recommended for silage rice bran the inclusion of FMI 40% and 42.3% of water to optimize the pH in the opening.

Sugarcane production fertilized with poultry litter

Geicimara Guimarães — 2016-10-28

The aim of this work was to evaluate the development and quality of sugarcane variety RB 867515 and chemical attributes of the soil in response to the application of increasing level of fertilization. It was used randomized blocks design, with five treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 t/ha of poultry litter) and four replications. At four months after planting there were no differences among poultry liter levels on plant height, culm diameter, and leaves width and length, but the number of plants/m linear and number of leaves/plant reached maximum values using 8.7 and 5.3 t/ha of poultry litter, respectively. At 12 months after planting, there was increase in P, K, Ca and Mg by increasing the level of fertilization with poultry litter and linear increase in productivity of sugarcane green mass. Therefore, up to 12 t/ha of poultry litter can be applied to maximize the performance of sugarcane and improve soil fertility. In addition to the reached productivity, the accumulation of soluble sugar (mean 20 degrees Brix), as well as contents of dry matter (32.9%) and neutral detergent fiber (46.7%) indicates that the sugarcane variety RB 867515, of mean/late cycle, presents appropriate for the first cut for animal feeding at 12 months after planting.

Ensilagem de resíduo seco de padaria: efeito da hidratação utilizando soro ácido de leite ou água associada ou não à ureia

Adauton Vilela de Rezende — 2016-10-28

O objetivo com este estudo foi investigar as características de silagens preparadas com um resíduo seco de padaria hidratado com soro ácido de leite ou água associado ou não à ureia. O experimento foi conduzido em um arranjo fatorial 3 (três níveis de hidratação: 250, 300 e 350 mL kg^-1 de subproduto) × 3 (três níveis de aplicação de ureia: 0, 5 e 10 g kg^-1 de subproduto) × 2 (dois líquidos usados na hidratação: soro ácido de leite ou água). Mini silos foram utilizados como silos experimentais e permaneceram fechados por 30 dias. Em geral, silagens hidratadas com soro ácido de leite apresentaram maior (P < 0,01) produção de ácido lático (19,6 vs. 18,5 g kg^-1de matéria seca [MS]), ácido acético (2,5 vs. 1,8 g kg^-1 de MS) e ácido propiônico (8,0 vs. 5,4 g kg^-1 de MS), e menores (P < 0,05) contagens de fungos (5,35 e 5,01 ufg g^-1 de silagem fresca) comparadas às silagens hidratadas com água. A maior hidratação das silagens aumentou a produção total de ácidos (P < 0,01) reduzindo os valores de pH; mas o aumento na hidratação reduziu (P < 0,01) a recuperação de MS das silagens. Silagens hidratadas com água e soro ácido de leite a 250 mL kg^-1 e combinado com 5 e 10 g kg^-1 de ureia exibiram maior (P < 0,05) recuperação de MS. Silagens de resíduo seco de padaria hidratadas com soro ácido de leite apresentaram melhor padrão fermentativo, podendo representar uma estratégia prática para evitar o descarte de ambos os subprodutos no ambiente.

Carcass and meat quality traits of crossbred Angus-Hereford calfs fed with Sorghum grain silage

Hermenegildo Lucas Justino Chiaia — 2016-10-28

This work aimed to evaluate three varieties of sorghum as wet grain silage (high, low and white tannin), combined with two form of food supply (concentrated with roughage separated or mixed) on dry matter intake, body weight evolution, average daily growth, feed conversion, main meat and carcass traits (rib eye area, fat thickness and marbling in vivo and post mortem) in Hereford-Angus crossbred steers. Forty eight males castrated with 20 months of age were used, divided into randomized blocks, arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial. The regression coefficients for the weight gain of each treatment was compared using orthogonal contrasts. Dry matter intake was affected by the type of sorghum (P = 0.002) and the form of food supply (P = 0.0005). The form of food supply can interfere with the dry matter intake (P = 0.0001) and weight (P = 0.0001). Feed conversion and marbling, was affected by the type of sorghum (P = 0.04). Meat marbling measured at deboning was affected by the form of food supply (P = 0.04). The type of sorghum and form of food supply did not influence carcass characteristics and weights of meat cuts. The concentrated with roughage separated supply is nutritionally and operationally preferable.

Collaborative study to evaluate of the crude protein content in feeds using the “Kjeldahl” method

Marjorrie Augusto de Souza — 2016-10-28

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the crude protein (CP) content in feeds in seven feed analysis laboratories from institutions linked to the National Institute of Science and Technology in Animal Science (INCT-CA). Were evaluated four samples of different feeds (sugarcane, corn silage, soybean meal and corn grain) and four nitrogen compounds assumed as standards (urea, monobasic ammonium phosphate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and ammonium sulfate) to measure the accuracy of the estimates. Each laboratory analyzed the samples for six days, consecutive or not, with three replicates per sample per day of evaluation. The variances among laboratories and within of laboratories (repeatability) represented 34.5 and 10.3% of the total variation, respectively. The evaluation of nitrogen recovered from the standards showed that 25% of observations presented a significant bias (P < 0.001). The overall assessment of the samples demonstrated significant variations (P < 0.001) in function of the day of analysis, interaction of material with laboratory, and among laboratories. Additionally, it was found that the variation among laboratories corresponded of 43.6 to 68.2% of the total of random variation, while the repeatability (intra-laboratory variation) represented of 11.9 to 42.8% of reproducibility. The CP contents estimated are dependent of the interaction effect of the evaluated material and laboratory, which reflect the differences between the procedures utilized by each laboratory.

Characteristics of the starch of corn grain processed by reconstitution and grinding for use in ruminant feed

Cássio José da Silva — 2016-10-28

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moisture reconstitution associated with coarse milling of corn grain on macroscopic and microscopic grain characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa. The following corn processing combinations were tested: corn reconstituted after being milled to 5 mm (CRA); corn reconstituted before being milled to 5 mm (CRB); and corn milled to 1 mm (CGF). Evaluation assays of α-amylase enzyme activity on the grain’s starch, scanning electron microscopy for processed kernels, and particle-size analysis were undertaken. The highest number of particles larger than 1.19 mm was found in CRB, because reconstitution occurred prior to the milling process, which facilitates the release of the largest part of the pericarp adherent to the corn grain. Microscopically, the starch granules did not display variations in their basic standard structure, and some alterations observed in the scanning electron microscopy images were due to the preparation of samples for visualization. There was no effect of grain processing on the rates of starch released by the action of the α-amylase enzyme (Novozymes, Termamyl 2x).

Prebiótico e antibiótico como aditivos nas rações pré e pós-alojamento para frangos de corte

Túlio Leite Reis — 2016-10-28

This study aimed to evaluate the use of feed containing prebiotic or antibiotic, in the pre and post accommodation on the performance of broilers. We used 720 day-old chicks, males, Cobb-500 strain, distributed in randomized blocks with four treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments consisted of: Antibiotic - birds fed diet with added antibiotics in pre- and post-housing; Prebiotic - birds fed feed with added prebiotic in pre and post accommodation; No aditivo- birds fed without feed additive in pre- and post-housing; Fasting - birds fasted in the pre-stage housing and feed intake with antibiotics in the post-stage housing. The provision of pre-feed accommodation within the transport boxes started in the incubator, and the pre-accommodation time of 24 hours. For productive performance analysis of bird, have assessed the variables of: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, production factor and production viability. The use of pre-accommodation prebiotic or antibiotic property diet resulted in significant improvements (p < 0.05) in body weight and weight gain of chicks in step 1 to 7 days. This happened regardless of the use of additives in feed provided the pre-housing and pre-initial phase. The final performance of broilers was not affected (P > 0.05) for the use of additives in the pre and post accommodation. Thus, it is concluded that the supply of pre-housing portion is not required for broilers tested in fasting period.

Carcass traits and meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin

Camila Magalhães Cunha — 2016-10-29

The objective was to assess the effect of inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) replacing corn in the diet of feedlot Pantaneiro lambs on the non-carcass components, regional and tissue composition, and carcass traits. Were used 24 not castrated males, in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of CG on DM basis). There was no effect of GB inclusion on non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect for hot carcass weight, with lower value to 2.5% of CG. Regional and tissue composition of the carcass was not affected by the substitution of corn by CG. The tissue composition of shoulder and leg and instrumental traits of the shoulder were not affected by CG. There was a quadratic effect for the yellowness of the leg, with high value for 5.0% of GB. The ether extract content of shoulder showed decreased linear effect. The use of 7.5% of CG, in dry matter, can be recommend to replace corn of feedlot diets, without changing carcass traits and meat quality.

Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of raw and roasted soy beans in dairy cows

Angela Maria de Vasconcelos — 2016-10-29

This study analyse ruminal degradation the technique of the nylon bags of dry matter ( DM) and crude protein (CP ) and the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) by the method of the three stages of raw and roasted soybeans at different temperatures with and without The in situ ruminal degradation were weighed five grams of natural matter in nylon bags incubated 2; 4;8; 16; 24 and 48 hours. Zero time was made the same procedure, except ruminal incubation. The residue of treatment formed a composite sample to determine the DM and CP. The intestinal digestibility was in situ incubation for 16 hours, using the technique of the three stages. The degradability of DM at a passage rate of 5 % / hour, for raw soybean (RS), was 71.94 % and roasted between 52.23 % and 68.78 %. After 16 hours of incubation(RUP) ranged from 32.12 to 67.72% and the intestinal digestibility of 73.21% to 86.02 %. The lowest degradation of DM and CP was in the roasted soybeans at 145ºC for one minute with steeping (STC1). The in vitro intestinal digestibility of raw grains was higher and differed from the toasted, except for the ones toasted at 115 ºC for four minutes with steeping. For STC1, was obtained the lowest protein degradation of 67.72 % RUP, which 52.33 %, more when compare to RS. The toast of soybeans at 145 ºC (STC1) contributed to a lower ruminal degradability of crude protein.

Activity of disinfectants against serotypes of “Salmonella” isolated from poultry farms

Mayara Camila Scur — 2016-10-29

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in vitro of disinfectants commonly used in sanitizing poultry farms and biodegradable disinfectants against Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry farms in the state of Parana, Brazil. The experiments were performed using the contact time of 20 minutes and disinfectants tested in three concentrations recommended by the manufacturer, half the recommended concentration and twice the recommended concentration, as well as the presence and absence of organic matter. In general, all disinfectants caused significant reduction in the microorganisms counts compared to the control. In the absence of organic matter, disinfectants based on organic acids showed the best results against the serotype Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum and disinfectants based onglutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite against the serotypes Typhimurium and Intantis. In the presence of organic matter, as commonly found in the poultry environment, it was observed that all disinfectants showed decreased effectiveness, and the disinfectant based on organic acids had the lowest CFU counts. Accordingly, the disinfectant based on organic acids proved to be potential alternative for use in poultry due to effectiveness in controlling Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry.

Logistic regression models for evaluation of physico-chemical composition of bovine milk “in natura”

Haendel Alexandre Lopes Torres — 2016-10-28

This study aimed to evaluation, through logistic regression model, the relationship between physical-chemistry composition of bovine milk in natura and probability of occurrence of mastitis in crossbred female cattle from Hostein, Gyr and Jersey breed. The result of the CMT (positive =1 and negative = 0) was used to study the probability of occurrence of mastitis that was modeled using logistic regression. The final model consists of fat, lactose and somatic cell count (SCC) was selected by the Stepwise procedure available in SAS^®, from the regressive variables farm, protein, degreased dry extract, fat, lactose, and SCC. It was observed that 53.86% of the animals had subclinical mastitis. The CCS, fat and lactose influenced the probability of incidence of mastitis and an increase in one unit of these variables is associated with an increase of 0.4% and 52.8% and reduction of 96.5%, respectively in the probability of incidence of mastitis. The CCS is the variable with the greatest impact on probability of mastitis, and the count of 600.000 cells/mL result in the 28% of probability of incidence of mastitis. The logistic regression model to quantify the impact from mastitis in the physical-chemistry composition of milk in natura in the dairy herd.

Covariance structure for carcass and body size traits with repeated measures in sheep from different genetic groups

Natanael Pereira da Silva Santos — 2016-10-28

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental effects on body measurements, weight and carcass quality traits with structure of repeated measurements over time in sheep from different genetic groups. Collections were carried out from lamb in until 180 days of age, during the years 2012 and 2013, in 92 lambs from three genetic groups – 29from Santa Inês breed, 43 crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês, and 20 crossbred Dorper x Morada Nova – belonging to two flocks. Loin eye area, loin depth, subcutaneous fat thickness, height at withers, body length, thoracic depth, and body weight were measured. The effects of collection period, type of birth, sex, flock, genetic group, age of the animal at the time of measurement as a covariate in linear and quadratic effects, and interactions between the different effects were considered in the statistical model. Different structures were tested for modeling the residual (co) variance matrix. The structure that best fit the data was the Composed Symmetry. The interaction between genetic group and age as linear and quadratic effect was significantly important for modeling the traits studied. The environmental effects of the flock, type of birth, genetic group, and collection period influenced carcass traits, body measurements and weight. The genetic group originated from the Dorper x Morada Nova cross showed lower body size and better carcass traits.

Modelos multicaracterísticos e de repetibilidade para avaliação genética de características de leitegada em suínos considerando diferentes partos

Edson Vinícius Costa — 2016-10-29

Objetivou-se comparar os modelos multicaracterístico e de repetibilidade na estimação de parâmetros genéticos para as características número de leitões nascidos vivos (NLN) e às três semanas de idade (NL3), peso da leitegada ao nascimento (PLN) e às três semanas de idade (PL3), e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento (PMLN) e às três semanas de idade (PML3), considerando os três primeiros partos de fêmeas da raça Landrace. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) aumentaram até a terceira ordem de parto para as características PLN e PML3. Para NLN, NL3, PL3 e PMLN as h² aumentaram da primeira para a segunda parição e reduziram da segunda para terceira parição. Em geral, as herdabilidades estimadas via modelo de repetibilidade foram menores que a média das estimativas obtidas utilizando o modelo muticaracterístico. As características PLN, PMLN e PML3 apresentaram altas correlações genéticas entre as diferentes parições (0,961-0,997), enquanto as características NLN, NL3 e PL3 (0,092-0,986) apresentaram valores irregulares de correlações genéticas entre as parições. Pelo critério de informação de Akaike corrigido o modelo de repetibilidade não foi indicado para a maioria das características estudadas. Esses resultados indicam que o modelo multicaracterístico é recomendado para avaliação genética das características número de leitões nascidos vivos e às três semanas de idade, peso da leitegada ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade, em diferentes parições, como características diferentes.

Atividade anti-helmíntica de folhas de “Cratyliamollis” contra nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos

Fernanda Washington Mendonça-Lima — 2016-10-28

Este estudo avaliou a capacidade anti-helmíntica in vivo do extrato aquoso de folhas de C. mollis, administrado por via oral em caprinos naturalmente infectados com nematódeos gastrintestinais. Para isto, os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos (grupo não tratado, grupo controle tratado com doramectina (1mL/50 kg de peso corpóreo) e grupo tratado com o extrato aquoso de C. mollis (2,5mg/ kg de peso corpóreo). Amostras de sangue e fezes foram colhidas de cada animal nos dias 0 e 30 após o tratamento para verificar parâmetros imunológicos e parasitológicos. Uma redução significativa na oviposição (61,1%) e um aumento dos níveis de IgA e eosinófilos foram observados no grupo tratado com o extrato aquoso, em comparação aos grupos controle (não tratado e tratado com doramectina). Considerando que nematódeos gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes causam perdas econômicas ao nível mundial, devido ao custo e à resistência aos anti-helmínticos disponíveis, além do efeito residual nos derivados animais para consumo humano, os extratos vegetais apresentam-se como uma fonte alternativa de anti-helmínticos. Assim, Cratyliamollis Mart. ExBenth é uma planta usada no semi-áridodo Nordeste brasileiro para tratardoenças e como forragem. Portanto, os resultados indicaram o potencial anti-helmíntico do extrato, embora mais estudos sejam necessários para validar seu uso para fins terapêuticos.

Tingui extract in conservation of Nile tilapia

Aline Daiane Lopes Miranda — 2016-10-28

The aim was to evaluate the tingui extract applied previously to slaughter about changes post mortem of Nile tilapia. Were used 72 Nile tilapia with average weight of 527 ± 53 g. The fishes were randomly distributed in 12 boxes of 50 liters each, which were added three solutions according to the treatments, hydroalcoholic tingui extract; aqueous tingui extract and chlorine, forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. The fishes remained in the boxes for 40 minutes and after this period, were placed in insulated boxes containing ice and water (1:1), for stunning and slaughter. After, the fish were packed in plastic trays containing ice layers. The storage period was 21 days. Were evaluated the rigor mortis, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and sensory analysis. The rigor mortis of fishes reached fullness after 14 hours of storage for all treatments. The aqueous tingui extract treatment was the more efficient, preventing the fish suffer changes of pH and BNVT, during the storage by 21 days, besides being better accepted sensorily.