Mucosite em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia: análise de abordagem preventiva

Abstract

Introduction: Oral mucositis is an important adverse effect observed in cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatments, especially in hematological malignancies, where the chemotherapy regimen corroborates with myelosuppression and with a long period of treatment. Objective: Evaluate the occurrence of oral mucositis in adult onco-hematological in-patients undergoing antineoplastic submitted to the preventive protocol adopted at the University Hospital. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational analytical epidemiological study, the data were collected from follow-up dental files of each chemotherapy cycle, using low-power laser therapy, a diode laser, 110 MW, red, 660nm, ten seconds per spot totaling 1J of energy. A descriptive analysis was performed according to the variables of interest. Results: Of the 75 chemotherapy cycles observed in 29 patients, 10(13.3%) evolved to oral mucositis, the majority being young men who did not use a prosthesis under the R DA-EPOCH(Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisolone, and G-CSF), diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the lesions found were mainly Grade 1 located on the tongue. Conclusion: Mucositis in 13.3% of cycles analyzed suggests that the protocol used contributes to reducing inflammation in the oral mucosa of patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy. In this sample, mucositis was observed mainly associated with young patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with the tongue being the most frequently affected site and the chemotherapy regimen R-DA-EPOCH with the highest risk of oral mucositis.