Características sociodemográficas e qualidade de vida de pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde: um estudo de associação

Abstract

Introduction: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a silent, highly prevalent disease that impairs health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective: to evaluate the HRQoL of individuals with SAH treated at Primary Health Care Units in Salvador in 2022 and 2023 and to associate it with sociodemographic factors, time since diagnosis, stage of SAH, and lifestyle. Methodology: this is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study carried out with 205 individuals over 20 years of age with a previous diagnosis of SAH and systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, associated with the mental and somatic domains of the Mini Questionnaire of Quality of Life in Arterial Hypertension. The Ethics Committee of the State University of Bahia (UNEB) approved the study under number 43203121.5.3005.5662. Results: the HRQoL of the study population presented a worse mental domain score than the somatic domain (median 7.0 and 5.0, respectively). Females presented a worse QoL in the somatic domain (median. 7.0; CI: 4.0-9.0; p = 0.012) when compared to males (median. 3.0; CI: 2.5-4.0; p = 0.157). Sedentary individuals had a worse score (median: 7.0; CI: 6.51-9.0; p = 0.045) in the mental domain when compared to active individuals (median: 6.0; CI: 4.0-8.0; p = 0.119). BP stage and time since diagnosis did not show a significant association with HRQoL. Conclusion: the HRQoL of the studied sample is moderate. Women had a worse score in the somatic domain, and adequate physical exercise practice demonstrated a positive association with HRQoL in the mental domain.