Depressive Symptoms and Risk Factors in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is common in individuals with severe obesity and may affect bariatric surgery outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms and identify factors associated with depression in candidates for bariatric surgery candidates. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 44 patients from the Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Service at the University Hospital of Western Paraná. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test, independent t-tests, and binary logistic regression, with significance level of 5% (p < 0.05), using R software. Results: The sample was predominantly female, married, with a mean age of 39 years and a mean BMI of 50.9 kg/m². A high prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed (79.5%), with moderately severe and severe categories significantly more frequent among participants with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m². Discussion: The findings highlight the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals with obesity and emphasize the need for systematic mental health attention during the preoperative phase of bariatric surgery. Early screening and identification of at-risk patients guide appropriate interventions and reduce potential psychological and clinical complications. Conclusion: Standardized psychological screening protocols and integrated multidisciplinary follow-up are essential to increase surgical safety and optimize long-term clinical and psychosocial outcomes.