GLOBAL TRENDS ON TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE RENEWABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Resumo

Due to the damage caused by fossil fuels, hydrogen emerged as an alternative to producing cleaner energy using different technologies and raw materials. Most of its production is still carried out, emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases even though several alternatives are for their replacement. This article analyzes renewable hydrogen production considering its production from organic waste, biomass, and water electrolysis using solar and wind energy through quantitative and qualitative approaches of Scientific Articles and Reviews, Patent Documents, and Institutional Documents. The main results show that China and the USA are the most significant power in the development of technologies and target markets. Chinese technology developers are more closely linked to State Research Institutes and universities than private companies, an inverse profile observed in the USA. Japan, Canada, Australia, and European countries such as Germany stand out as developers and even more interesting markets. South Korea presents an outstanding performance supported by public-private partnerships. Developing countries such as Brazil, India, and Taiwan show little local technological development but awaken interest in protection from other countries. There is a migration of areas of interest, both from large industries from different sectors and non-renewable energy industries to renewable hydrogen. Water electrolysis is the most common way to produce biohydrogen using solar and wind energy as a source. Thus, this research highlighted, in addition to the current situation of hydrogen production from renewable sources, prospects for technological and commercial routes between countries and organizations that are at the forefront of innovations in this market.