Factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination coverage in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in two public referral hospitals for pediatric endocrinology in Salvador, Bahia

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with vaccine coverage for hepatitis B in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory epidemiological study. The sample consisted of 81 children/adolescents with T1DM. Data collection took place between April and August 2019, at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinics of Roberto Santos Hospital (HGRS) and Professor Edgar Santos Hospital (HUPES), in Salvador–BA. A structured questionnaire related to sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination coverage was applied, and information was also obtained from medical records. The prevalence of vaccination coverage of the population studied was measured, as well as the factors associated with vaccination for hepatitis B in children and adolescents with T1DM. Results: The population studied consisted of 81 children and adolescents, of which 43 (54%) were male. Most of the participants, 90% (N:73), were accompanied by their mothers, parents or legal guardians who reported having received guidance with regards to vaccination from a health professional. Parents/guardians who reported that vaccination was unnecessary were more likely to obtain unfavorable vaccination coverage for their children. From the 81 children and adolescents in the study, 43 were evaluated at the HGRS and 31 (72.1%) had a complete vaccination schedule for hepatitis B, 38 children and adolescents were observed at the HUPES, of which 30 (78.95) also had the complete hepatitis B vaccination schedule. Conclusions: Vaccination coverage for hepatitis B was satisfactory. The main factors that interfered in vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in children and adolescents with T1DM were related to vaccination guidance, knowledge of parents or guardians regarding vaccines, health system, and socioeconomic factors.