Technical and scientific evaluation of commercial catalogs of heterogeneous granulated bone grafts in Brazil.

Abstract

Introduction:  bone substitutes are an important part of regenerative dental surgeries, especially those indicated as a treatment for bone loss caused by periodontal disease. Heterogeneous bone grafts, especially the granules ones, are widely used for their bioactivity, ease of handling, ability to fill bone defects, and to stimulate osteogenesis. The physicochemical properties of those grafts, including osteoinduction and osteointegration, are essential for them to interact favorably with the original native tissue. Bone is a dynamic tissue, constantly repaired by the action of its cellular constituents, especially osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone grafts are indicated in cases where this reparative activity is insufficient. Objective: this study aimed to identify commercially available heterogeneous granulated bone grafts for dental use and to detail their physicochemical characteristics. Methodology: a comparative-descriptive study was carried out to identify the main physicochemical characteristics of thirteen granulated bone grafts commercialized in Brazil. The data presented were obtained through the information available on the physicochemical characteristics offered in the catalogs provided by their manufacturers. Results: the ideal performance of a graft is directly linked to its bioactivity through the physical-chemical properties it presents and consequently how they favor its interaction with bone tissue to promote tissue regeneration. Conclusion: the understanding and analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes are essential for a correct selection and an adequate clinical application.