VIVIENDA COMO CAPACIDAD: dimensiones de la oportunidad, seguridad y habilidad en la reestructuración de políticas públicas de vivienda
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https://doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v39i0.66794Palabras clave:
Derecho a la vivienda, Derechos socialmente construidos, Enfoque de las capacidades, Políticas de vivienda, Libertades sustantivasResumen
Este artículo aborda los fundamentos normativos del derecho a la vivienda, contraponiendo derechos naturales y socialmente construidos. Metodológicamente, se adopta un enfoque cualitativo, crítico-conceptual, sustentado en una revisión bibliográfica. La investigación moviliza el concepto de ciudadanía de Thomas Marshall y el Enfoque de las Capacidades de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum, para transitar de la abstracción filosófica a la praxis de la política pública. Se concluye que es viable refutar la fundamentación jusnaturalista y, simultáneamente, sostener garantías jurídicas exigibles para poblaciones vulnerables. Para ello, se postula un cambio de paradigma que trascienda la mera provisión material para enfocarse en la expansión de las libertades sustantivas. Esta transición se estructura en tres dimensiones de intervención y evaluación de políticas públicas de vivienda: oportunidad, orientada a desmantelar arreglos institucionales y estructuras de elegibilidad excluyentes; seguridad, para garantizar la estabilidad de la tenencia, construir resiliencia frente a eventos climáticos y evitar elecciones forzadas en la subsistencia; y habilidad, enfocada en la alfabetización habitacional y el empoderamiento del ciudadano para planificar estrategias y reivindicar derechos colectivos.
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